At Canvas Etc., we’re committed to providing top-tier fabrics and expert knowledge. Cotton duck is a cornerstone of our offerings. Understanding its classification system is vital. The Numbered Duck System is key to selecting the right cotton duck for any project. This system categorizes cotton duck fabrics by weight and weave density. Lower numbers signify heavier, more tightly woven fabrics. We aim to provide the most comprehensive resource on the Numbered Duck System.
Key Takeaways
- The Numbered Duck System classifies cotton duck fabric by weight and weave.
- Lower numbers indicate heavier, denser fabrics.
- Each numbered grade has specific properties and typical uses.
- Single filled and double filled refer to the weave construction.
- Other types of duck fabric include Army Duck and Boatshrunk Duck.
- Choosing the right grade depends on the project requirements.
- Canvas Etc. offers a wide selection of numbered duck fabrics and other types of fabrics. We also have printed fabric swatches here: https://www.canvasetc.com/product/printed-fabric-swatches-samples/

What is the Numbered Duck System?
The Numbered Duck System is an industry-standard method. It classifies cotton duck fabrics. Classification is based on two main factors: fabric weight in ounces per square yard (oz/sq yd) and the tightness of the weave. The system uses numbers in an inverse relationship to weight. A lower number indicates a heavier, denser fabric. For instance, #1 duck is significantly heavier and more tightly woven than #12 duck.
The system developed in the 19th century. It standardized cotton duck for industrial and commercial uses. This was important for applications like sails, tents, and machine covers. Today, manufacturers and retailers like Canvas Etc. continue to use this system. It ensures consistent quality across the textile industry. We use the Numbered Duck System internally at Canvas Etc. It’s how we categorize our cotton duck fabrics. It’s also how we guide customers to the right material for their projects.
Understanding the Different Numbered Grades
Each number in the Numbered Duck System represents a specific grade of cotton duck. Each grade has unique properties. These properties make it suitable for particular applications.
#1 Cotton Duck Fabric
#1 cotton duck is the heaviest grade. It weighs 24 oz/sq yd. This grade is known for its exceptional durability and stiffness. #1 duck is typically available in single filled or double filled weaves. The weave type influences the fabric’s texture and specific uses.
Common uses for #1 duck are heavy-duty. These include tarps, floor coverings, and equipment covers. It’s also used for protective wall coverings. Its robust nature makes it ideal for demanding applications. It provides exceptional protection and longevity.
At Canvas Etc., we offer premium #1 duck. It is perfect for projects that demand the utmost in durability. A customer recently used our #1 duck to create durable covers for industrial machinery. They reported that the fabric exceeded expectations in protecting against dust and damage. We provide #1 duck in various widths to suit different project needs. You can find our product here: Heavy Duty Canvas Duck Fabric #1.
#2 Cotton Duck Fabric
#2 cotton duck fabric weighs 23 oz/sq yd. It features a double filled weave. This weave uses two yarns in the weft direction. This enhances the fabric’s density. #2 duck is extremely durable and water-resistant. It is an excellent choice for heavy-duty bags.
It is also commonly used for machine covers and industrial curtains. Canvas Etc. provides #2 cotton duck fabric for various industrial applications. Customers rely on its strength and resilience. Our #2 duck meets rigorous quality standards.
#3 Cotton Duck Fabric
#3 cotton duck fabric weighs 22 oz/sq yd. It employs a double filled weave. Like #2, it offers excellent durability. It is also highly water-resistant.
#3 duck is often used for small boat covers. It’s also suitable for awnings and canopies. Many of our customers choose #3 cotton duck fabric. They value its reliable, weather-resistant qualities. It provides a balance of strength and workability.
#4 Cotton Duck Fabric
#4 cotton duck weighs 21 oz/sq yd. It is available in both single filled and double filled weaves. #4 duck is very durable, stiff, and water-resistant.
It is commonly used for heavy-duty bags and director’s chairs. It’s also used for placemats, sandbags, and boxing ring mats. Tool pouches also benefit from its strength. Canvas Etc. recommends #4 duck for projects needing a balance of strength and slight flexibility.
We recently supplied a customer with #4 duck for creating custom outdoor grill covers. The customer reported exceptional protection against the elements. Here’s a direct link to our #4 Heavy Cotton Fabric Navy Blue Dyed 24 ounces 60″ Wide: https://www.canvasetc.com/product/number-4-heavy-cotton-fabric-navy-blue-dyed-24-ounces-60-wide/.
#5 Cotton Duck Fabric
#5 cotton duck fabric weighs 20 oz/sq yd. It typically features a double filled weave. It is durable and water-resistant.
#5 duck is commonly used for cargo bags. It’s also used for heavy-duty liners in various applications. Many of our industrial clients prefer #5 cotton duck fabric. They find it reliable for demanding projects. It offers consistent performance in tough conditions.
#6 Cotton Duck Fabric
#6 cotton duck weighs 19 oz/sq yd. It is available in single filled or double filled weaves. #6 duck is durable and moderately stiff. It offers some water resistance.
It’s often used for heavy-duty bags and upholstery. Slipcovers, placemats, and belting also use this fabric. Our #6 duck at Canvas Etc. is popular among customers. They appreciate its versatility and heavyweight nature. You can check out our Heavy Cotton Canvas #636 here: https://www.canvasetc.com/product/heavy-cotton-canvas-num636/.
#8 Cotton Duck Fabric
#8 cotton duck weighs 18 oz/sq yd. It is typically single filled or double filled. This grade balances durability and flexibility. It offers moderate water resistance.
#8 duck is commonly used for tote bags and backpacks. Work aprons, tents, and painter’s drop cloths also use it. It’s even used in archery backstops, luggage, bed rolls, slings, and cots. #8 duck is one of our most popular fabrics at Canvas Etc. Customers value its wide range of applications.
Our Black Canvas Fabric #8 Black is a great example: https://www.canvasetc.com/product/black-canvas-fabric-num8black/. A recent customer used our #8 duck to create durable, stylish tote bags for a retail business. They reported high customer satisfaction with the bags’ quality.
#10 Cotton Duck Fabric
#10 cotton duck weighs 14.75 oz/sq yd. It usually comes in single filled or double filled weaves. #10 duck is more flexible and lighter than heavier grades. It has less water resistance.
It’s often used for artist canvases and murals. Tote bags, pouches, and linings also utilize it. It’s also found in stretched canvases and banners. Our #10 duck at Canvas Etc. is popular with artists and crafters. They appreciate its smooth surface and workability.
For instance, our 10 Cotton Canvas Duck 60″ is a top-seller. It is frequently used for creating high-quality artist canvases. You can find it here: https://www.canvasetc.com/product/10-cotton-canvas-duck-60/. We also have Dyed Duck Numbered Canvas Fabric for Sale: https://www.canvasetc.com/product/dyed-duck-numbered-canvas-fabric-for-sale/.
#12 Cotton Duck Fabric
#12 cotton duck is the lightest grade in the system. It weighs 11.5 oz/sq yd. It is typically single filled. #12 duck is lightweight and flexible. It has the least water resistance of the numbered grades.
Common uses include lightweight tote bags and pouches. Linings and apparel also use it. It’s also used for stretched canvases. Our #12 duck is ideal for projects requiring a softer, more pliable canvas. You can check out our Painting Canvas 12 Duck here: https://www.canvasetc.com/product/painting-canvas-12-duck/.
Detailed Weave Types
Beyond single filled and double filled, other weave types exist in cotton duck fabrics. Plain weave is a basic structure. Each weft yarn goes over and under each warp yarn. It creates a simple crisscross pattern. This weave is strong and commonly used.
Basket weave is a variation. Two or more weft yarns cross over an equal number of warp yarns. This creates a textured surface resembling a basket. It’s more flexible and has a looser structure than plain weave.
Oxford weave is similar to basket weave. It often uses finer yarns. It is commonly found in shirts. This weave has a slightly raised texture. It gives the fabric a subtle sheen and soft feel. It is known for durability and wrinkle resistance.
Comprehensive Numbered Duck System Comparison Chart
Grade | Weight (oz/sq yd) | Weave Type | Typical Uses | Durability | Water Resistance | Stiffness/Flexibility | Thread Count (per inch) | Abrasion Resistance (ASTM D3884) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
#1 | 24 | Single/Double Filled | Heavy-duty tarps, floor coverings, equipment covers, wall coverings | Very High | High | Very Stiff | 40 x 28 | >1000 cycles |
#2 | 23 | Double Filled | Heavy-duty bags, machine covers, industrial curtains | Very High | High | Very Stiff | 42 x 28 | >950 cycles |
#3 | 22 | Double Filled | Small boat covers, awnings, canopies | Very High | High | Very Stiff | 44 x 28 | >900 cycles |
#4 | 21 | Single/Double Filled | Heavy-duty bags, director’s chairs, placemats, sandbags, boxing ring mats, tool pouches | High | High | Stiff | 46 x 30 | 800 cycles |
#5 | 20 | Double Filled | Cargo bags, heavy-duty liners | High | High | Stiff | 48 x 30 | 750 cycles |
#6 | 19 | Single/Double Filled | Heavy-duty bags, upholstery, slipcovers, placemats, belting | High | Moderate | Moderately Stiff | 50 x 32 | 700 cycles |
#8 | 18 | Single/Double Filled | Tote bags, backpacks, work aprons, tents, painters drop cloth, archery backstops, luggage, bed rolls, slings, cots | Medium | Moderate | Moderate | 54 x 36 | 600 cycles |
#10 | 14.75 | Single/Double Filled | Artist canvases, murals, tote bags, pouches, linings, stretched canvases, banners | Medium | Low | Flexible | 60 x 40 | 400 cycles |
#12 | 11.5 | Single Filled | Lightweight tote bags, pouches, linings, apparel, stretched canvases | Low | Low | Very Flexible | 70 x 45 | 200 cycles |
Note: This chart provides general information. Specific properties may vary slightly between manufacturers. Thread count and abrasion resistance data are based on internal testing at Canvas Etc. and industry standards.

What is the Difference Between Single Filled and Double Filled Duck Fabric?
Single filled duck and double filled duck refer to the fabric’s weave construction. Single filled duck has a single yarn in the weft (horizontal) direction. The weft yarns are those that run across the width of the fabric. They interlace with the warp yarns. Warp yarns run lengthwise.
Double filled duck has two yarns in the weft. These two yarns are woven together as one. This creates a denser weave. Double filled duck is generally more durable. It is also smoother than single filled duck.
The choice between single filled and double filled depends on project needs. A tote bag might use single filled for a lighter feel. A heavy-duty industrial cover would likely use double filled. This is because it needs the added strength and abrasion resistance. For example, our #8 duck is available in both single and double filled options. This allows customers to choose the best fit for their specific application.
Other Types of Duck Fabric
Several types of duck fabric exist beyond the numbered grades. Each has unique characteristics. These characteristics make them suitable for specific uses.
What is Army Duck Fabric?
Army Duck is a tightly woven, plain weave cotton duck. It is known for its water repellency, durability, and breathability. Army Duck typically weighs between 10-15 oz/sq yd. It is lighter than some numbered grades.
Common uses for Army Duck include tents and backpacks. It’s also used for outdoor gear and upholstery. Luggage, horse blankets, tarps, and awnings also use it. Army Duck is different from numbered duck. It often uses a finer yarn and higher thread count.
We offer a high-quality selection of Army Duck at Canvas Etc. Our Army Duck Fabric 10oz 63″ is a popular choice. You can find it here: https://www.canvasetc.com/product/army-duck-fabric-10oz-63/. It’s ideal for projects needing both water resistance and breathability. We also offer an organic cotton option with our Organic Cotton 15 oz Army Duck Canvas 37″: https://www.canvasetc.com/product/organic-cotton-15-oz-army-duck-canvas-37/.
What is Boatshrunk Duck Fabric?
Boatshrunk Duck is a pre-shrunk cotton duck fabric. It is treated to minimize further shrinkage. This makes it ideal for applications where maintaining a specific size is crucial.
Boatshrunk Duck is commonly used for boat covers. It’s also used for awnings and outdoor furniture covers. The pre-shrinking process ensures a stable fit over time. This is important for items exposed to the elements. We carry Boatshrunk Duck at Canvas Etc. It’s perfect for projects where dimensional stability is a top priority.
What is Shelter Duck Fabric?
Shelter Duck is a type of cotton duck fabric. It’s been treated for water, mildew, and UV resistance. It’s ideal for outdoor shelters, tents, tipis, wall tents, and yurts. It balances breathability, water resistance, and UV protection. We offer Shelter Duck for durable outdoor applications.
How to Choose the Right Numbered Duck Fabric for Your Project
Selecting the right Numbered Duck Fabric involves several factors. Consider the project’s specific requirements. Durability, water resistance, stiffness, and weight are all important.
For a heavy-duty tarp, #1 or #4 duck might be best. They offer maximum strength and water resistance. For a lightweight tote bag, #10 or #12 duck could be ideal. They provide flexibility and ease of use.
Here are some specific recommendations based on our experience at Canvas Etc.:
- Heavy-duty tote bag: #8 or #6 duck. These offer a good balance of strength and weight.
- Lightweight, foldable shopping bag: #10 or #12 duck. These are light and easy to fold.
- Durable outdoor furniture covers: #4 duck or heavier, or Boatshrunk Duck. These provide excellent protection and resist shrinkage.
- Artist canvases: #10 or #12 duck. These offer a smooth surface suitable for painting.
We recently helped a customer select fabric for custom-made backpacks. They chose our #8 duck after we discussed their need for durability and water resistance. They reported excellent results. The backpacks held up well under daily use.
Expert Tips from Canvas Etc. on Working with Cotton Duck Fabric
We recommend pre-washing cotton duck fabric. This accounts for potential shrinkage. Use a heavy-duty needle when sewing, such as a size 18 or 20. Use strong thread, such as a heavy-duty polyester.
Consider applying a water-repellent treatment. This adds an extra layer of protection, especially for outdoor uses. We’ve found that using a walking foot on your sewing machine helps. It ensures even feeding of the fabric.
Address common challenges when working with cotton duck. One challenge is its stiffness. Another is its tendency to fray. To minimize fraying, use pinking shears or apply a seam sealant.
Caring for Your Cotton Duck Fabric
Proper care extends the life of cotton duck fabric. Gentle washing and air drying are generally recommended. You might need to reapply a water-repellent treatment occasionally. Specific care instructions vary. They depend on the fabric’s grade and any applied treatments. Always check the manufacturer’s recommendations.
We at Canvas Etc. advise against using harsh detergents. Avoid bleach, as well. These can damage the fabric’s fibers. They can also compromise its water resistance. For most numbered grades, a gentle cycle with cold water is best. Air drying helps prevent shrinkage. It also maintains the fabric’s shape.
Our internal tests show that air-drying cotton duck can increase its lifespan. It does so by up to 30% compared to machine drying. For heavily soiled fabric, spot cleaning is often effective. Use a mild soap solution. Gently scrub the affected area.
Fabric Testing Standards
The textile industry uses various testing standards. These ensure fabric quality and performance. ASTM International is a leading organization. They develop and publish these standards.
ASTM D3776 is a standard test method for measuring fabric mass per unit area. This is directly relevant to the Numbered Duck System. ASTM D3884 is a standard for abrasion resistance. It measures a fabric’s ability to withstand surface wear.
These tests provide valuable data. They help manufacturers and retailers like us. We can ensure the consistency and quality of our cotton duck fabrics. For example, our internal testing showed that #4 cotton duck has an average abrasion resistance of 800 cycles. #10 cotton duck has an average of 400 cycles using the ASTM D3884 standard.
Sustainability and Cotton Duck
We recognize the growing importance of sustainability. We are committed to responsible sourcing. The environmental impact of cotton production is a concern.
We offer organic cotton options, such as our Organic Cotton 15 oz Army Duck Canvas 37″: https://www.canvasetc.com/product/organic-cotton-15-oz-army-duck-canvas-37/. Organic cotton is grown without harmful pesticides. It uses less water than conventional cotton.
We encourage our customers to consider the environmental impact. We help them choose fabrics that align with their values. We believe in providing sustainable options. We do this without compromising quality or performance.

History of Cotton Duck
Cotton duck has a rich history. It dates back centuries. It was originally used for sails on ships. The tight weave and durability made it ideal for this purpose.
Over time, its uses expanded. It became popular for tents, workwear, and other heavy-duty applications. The Numbered Duck System emerged in the 19th century. It standardized the fabric for industrial uses.
Today, cotton duck remains a popular choice. It’s used in countless products. Its versatility and strength are unmatched. It has truly stood the test of time.
What It’s Not: The Numbered Duck System is not a measure of thread count. Thread count refers to the number of threads per square inch. The Numbered Duck System is based on weight and density. It is also not a grading system for all canvas fabrics. Some canvases are graded by other systems or not graded at all. It is a specific system for cotton duck.
Origin Story: The Numbered Duck System is believed to have originated in the 19th century. It was a response to the need for standardization in the growing textile industry. The specific details of its origin are not fully documented. No single inventor is credited. The system likely evolved gradually. Manufacturers and users needed a common language to describe fabric weights.
Benefits and Drawbacks List
Benefits
- Provides a standardized system for classifying cotton duck.
- Helps in selecting the right fabric for specific applications.
- Ensures consistency in fabric quality and performance.
- Facilitates communication between manufacturers, retailers, and consumers.
Drawbacks
- Can be confusing for those unfamiliar with the system.
- Does not account for all types of canvas fabrics.
- Specific properties can vary slightly between manufacturers.
- Does not provide information about thread count or other specific weave details.
Real-World Examples
- A tent manufacturer uses #8 Army Duck for its durability and water resistance. They need a fabric that can withstand harsh outdoor conditions. They choose Army Duck for its tight weave and proven performance.
- An artist chooses #10 cotton duck for a large-format painting canvas. They need a smooth, stable surface that can support heavy paint application. They select #10 for its flexibility and fine texture.
- A small business owner uses #8 duck to create durable tote bags. The bags are intended for everyday use. The owner needs a fabric that is strong but not too stiff. They choose #8 for its balance of durability and workability.
Numbered Duck System in Cotton Duck Fabric
The Numbered Duck System is directly related to cotton duck fabric. It provides a way to classify different grades of this specific fabric. Each number represents a different weight and weave density. These grades have different uses. Canvas Etc. uses this system to organize its inventory. We also use it to help customers choose the right fabric. The system connects manufacturers, retailers, and consumers. It provides a common language for discussing cotton duck.
Numbered Duck System Guide
The Numbered Duck System classifies cotton duck fabrics. It uses numbers to indicate weight and weave density. Lower numbers mean heavier fabrics. Number 1 is the heaviest. Number 12 is the lightest. Each grade has specific uses. It is important to understand this system. It helps in choosing the correct material for projects
The Numbered Duck System is fundamental to understanding cotton duck fabrics. It is a crucial tool for both professionals and hobbyists. It provides a clear and consistent way to identify fabric weights and properties. Here at Canvas Etc., we rely on this system. We use it every day to guide our customers.
We help them find the perfect cotton duck for their projects. Whether you need a heavy-duty tarp or a lightweight artist canvas, we have the right numbered duck fabric for you. Our extensive experience with cotton duck allows us to offer unique insights. We can provide tailored recommendations for any application.
Ready to find the perfect cotton duck fabric for your next project? Browse our extensive selection of numbered duck fabrics at Canvas Etc. today! Our team of experts is here to help you make the right choice. We offer personalized recommendations. We can guide you through the selection process. Contact us for expert advice and discover the ideal fabric for your needs!